Definitions of basic terms relating to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals

Abstract

This document is the first published by the IUPAC Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature dealing specifically with liquid crystals. Because of the breadth of its scope, it has been prepared in collaboration with representatives of the International Liquid Crystal Society. The document gives definitions of terms related to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals. It relies on basic definitions of terms that are widely used in the field of liquid crystals and in polymer science. The terms are arranged in five sections dealing with general definitions of liquid-crystalline and mesomorphic states of matter, types of mesophases, optical textures and defects of liquid crystals, the physical characteristics of liquid crystals (including electro-optical and magneto-optical properties), and finally liquid-crystal polymers. The terms that have been selected are those most commonly encountered in the conventional structural, thermal, and electro-optical characterization of liquid-crystalline materials.